diff --git a/lib/data/services/speech_impl/azure_ast_service.dart b/lib/data/services/speech_impl/azure_ast_service.dart
index 4f7cb85de..2a5b286ba 100644
--- a/lib/data/services/speech_impl/azure_ast_service.dart
+++ b/lib/data/services/speech_impl/azure_ast_service.dart
@@ -43,6 +43,17 @@ class AzureAstService extends GetxService implements AstService {
   late final String _alibabaAppId;
   late final String _alibabaAppURL;
 
+  /// 火山 AST VAD 断句控制（直接写死，不读 .env；线上环境配置由服务端下发）。
+  /// 0 = 使用服务端默认值。
+  /// _volcanoEndSilenceTimeMs：句尾静音多久触发断句(ms)，只影响**识别层**的整句完整度
+  ///   （防止一句话被从中间切开），不影响 Doubao 的 TTS 分段。所以"音频太碎"靠它没用，
+  ///   实测调到 2500 也没效果，已确认 TTS 分段由模型按译文小句切。
+  ///   这里保持 1500ms：兼顾识别整句完整，又不过度增加识别延迟。
+  ///   输出"碎/不连贯"改由 bridge 端的「段合并(coalesce)」处理。
+  static const int _volcanoEndSilenceTimeMs = 1500;
+  static const int _volcanoVadSilenceTimeMs = 0;
+  static const int _volcanoVadSegmentDurationMs = 8000;
+
   final List<String> _defaultSupportedLanguages = ['zh-CN', 'en-US'];
   @override
   List<String> get supportedLanguages => _defaultSupportedLanguages;
@@ -445,6 +456,10 @@ class AzureAstService extends GetxService implements AstService {
         'alibabaAppKey': _alibabaAppKey,
         'alibabaAppId': _alibabaAppId,
         'alibabaAppURL': _alibabaAppURL,
+
+        'volcanoEndSilenceTimeMs': _volcanoEndSilenceTimeMs,
+        'volcanoVadSilenceTimeMs': _volcanoVadSilenceTimeMs,
+        'volcanoVadSegmentDurationMs': _volcanoVadSegmentDurationMs,
       });
 
       _isInitialized = result;
@@ -490,6 +505,7 @@ class AzureAstService extends GetxService implements AstService {
   // AST TTS 输出帧流（lazy + broadcast，多方订阅安全）
   StreamController<AstTtsFrame>? _astTtsController;
   StreamSubscription? _astTtsRawSub;
+
   @override
   Stream<AstTtsFrame> get astTtsFrames {
     final c = _astTtsController ??= StreamController<AstTtsFrame>.broadcast(
@@ -505,6 +521,7 @@ class AzureAstService extends GetxService implements AstService {
         // 兼容旧 native：未带 final 字段时按 false 处理。
         final isFinal = raw['final'] == true;
         if (leg == null || pcm is! Uint8List) return;
+
         if (!c.isClosed) {
           c.add(AstTtsFrame(leg: leg, pcm: pcm, isFinal: isFinal));
         }
diff --git a/lib/modules/opus_test/controllers/opus_test_controller.dart b/lib/modules/opus_test/controllers/opus_test_controller.dart
index c93f2bac4..4344bae21 100644
--- a/lib/modules/opus_test/controllers/opus_test_controller.dart
+++ b/lib/modules/opus_test/controllers/opus_test_controller.dart
@@ -164,7 +164,10 @@ class OpusTestController extends GetxController {
           for (var entity in files) {
             if (entity is File) {
               final path = entity.path.toLowerCase();
-              if (path.endsWith('.opus') || path.endsWith('.txt')) {
+              // 翻译落地音频：.wav（编码前原始）+ .opus（编码后实际下发）；保留 .txt 兼容
+              if (path.endsWith('.opus') ||
+                  path.endsWith('.wav') ||
+                  path.endsWith('.txt')) {
                 final fileSize = await entity.length();
                 externalFiles.add(PlatformFile(
                   name: entity.path.split('/').last,
@@ -177,7 +180,10 @@ class OpusTestController extends GetxController {
         }
       }
 
-      statusMessage.value = '扫描完成，找到 ${externalFiles.length} 个Opus文件';
+      // 翻译音频靠文件名（翻译-左/右-序号）排序，按句顺序排列，方便顺序试听
+      externalFiles.sort((a, b) => a.name.compareTo(b.name));
+
+      statusMessage.value = '扫描完成，找到 ${externalFiles.length} 个音频文件';
     } catch (e) {
       statusMessage.value = '扫描失败: $e';
     }
@@ -206,6 +212,13 @@ class OpusTestController extends GetxController {
   void selectExternalFile(PlatformFile file) {
     selectedFiles.clear();
     selectedFiles.add(file);
+    // 翻译落地的 OPUS 由 OpusManager 默认编码（带 head / mono / 16k），
+    // 自动套上对应解码参数，直接点播放即可还原，方便和同名 .wav 对比。
+    if (file.name.startsWith('翻译-') && file.name.toLowerCase().endsWith('.opus')) {
+      hasHeader.value = true;
+      isMono.value = true;
+      selectedSampleRate.value = 16000;
+    }
     statusMessage.value = '已选择文件: ${file.name}';
   }
 
@@ -239,7 +252,27 @@ class OpusTestController extends GetxController {
     }
 
     if (selectedFiles.isEmpty) {
-      statusMessage.value = '请先选择Opus文件';
+      statusMessage.value = '请先选择文件';
+      return;
+    }
+
+    final selectedPath = selectedFiles.first.path!;
+    // WAV（编码前原始音频）可直接播放，无需 OPUS 解码
+    if (selectedPath.toLowerCase().endsWith('.wav')) {
+      try {
+        statusMessage.value = '正在播放 WAV 原始音频';
+        await player.setFilePath(selectedPath);
+        await player.play();
+        isPlaying.value = true;
+        player.playerStateStream.listen((state) {
+          if (state.processingState == ProcessingState.completed) {
+            isPlaying.value = false;
+            statusMessage.value = '播放完成';
+          }
+        });
+      } catch (e) {
+        statusMessage.value = '播放WAV失败: $e';
+      }
       return;
     }
 
@@ -248,7 +281,7 @@ class OpusTestController extends GetxController {
       statusMessage.value = '正在解码...';
 
       // 使用杰理OPUS库进行解码
-      final inPath = selectedFiles.first.path!;
+      final inPath = selectedPath;
 
       // 创建WAV输出文件路径
       final tempDir = await getTemporaryDirectory();
@@ -409,6 +442,72 @@ class OpusTestController extends GetxController {
     }
   }
 
+  /// 一键清理：删除当前列表里扫描到的全部文件（清空历史落地音频）
+  Future<void> clearAllFiles() async {
+    final total = externalFiles.length;
+    if (total == 0) {
+      statusMessage.value = '没有可清理的文件';
+      return;
+    }
+    int deleted = 0;
+    int failed = 0;
+    // 复制一份遍历，避免边删边改 observable 列表
+    for (final file in externalFiles.toList()) {
+      try {
+        final f = File(file.path!);
+        if (await f.exists()) await f.delete();
+        deleted++;
+      } catch (_) {
+        failed++;
+      }
+    }
+    externalFiles.clear();
+    selectedFiles.clear();
+    if (isPlaying.value) {
+      await player.stop();
+      isPlaying.value = false;
+    }
+    statusMessage.value = '已清理 $deleted 个文件${failed > 0 ? '，$failed 个失败' : ''}';
+  }
+
+  /// 清理前的确认弹窗
+  void confirmClearAll(BuildContext context) {
+    final total = externalFiles.length;
+    if (total == 0) {
+      statusMessage.value = '没有可清理的文件';
+      return;
+    }
+    showDialog(
+      context: context,
+      builder: (context) => AlertDialog(
+        backgroundColor: Get.isDarkMode ? Colors.grey[900] : Colors.white,
+        title: Text(
+          '清理全部文件',
+          style: TextStyle(color: Get.isDarkMode ? Colors.white : Colors.black),
+        ),
+        content: Text(
+          '将删除列表中全部 $total 个文件，此操作不可撤销。',
+          style:
+              TextStyle(color: Get.isDarkMode ? Colors.white70 : Colors.black87),
+        ),
+        actions: [
+          TextButton(
+            onPressed: () => Navigator.pop(context),
+            child: const Text('取消'),
+          ),
+          TextButton(
+            onPressed: () {
+              Navigator.pop(context);
+              clearAllFiles();
+            },
+            style: TextButton.styleFrom(foregroundColor: Colors.red),
+            child: const Text('全部清理'),
+          ),
+        ],
+      ),
+    );
+  }
+
   /// 分享外部文件
   Future<void> shareExternalFile(PlatformFile file) async {
     try {
diff --git a/lib/modules/opus_test/views/opus_test_view.dart b/lib/modules/opus_test/views/opus_test_view.dart
index de02e5138..8d70e350f 100644
--- a/lib/modules/opus_test/views/opus_test_view.dart
+++ b/lib/modules/opus_test/views/opus_test_view.dart
@@ -95,26 +95,41 @@ class OpusTestView extends GetView<OpusTestController> {
                       },
                     )),
 
-              // 外部文件列表标题和刷新按钮
+              // 外部文件列表标题 + 刷新 / 一键清理
               Padding(
                 padding: EdgeInsets.symmetric(vertical: 8.h),
                 child: Row(
                   mainAxisAlignment: MainAxisAlignment.spaceBetween,
                   children: [
                     Text(
-                      '外部存储文件',
+                      '翻译落地音频',
                       style: TextStyle(
                         fontSize: 16.sp,
                         fontWeight: FontWeight.bold,
                         color: isDarkMode ? Colors.white : Colors.black,
                       ),
                     ),
-                    IconButton(
-                      icon: Icon(
-                        Icons.refresh,
-                        color: isDarkMode ? Colors.blue[300] : Colors.blue,
-                      ),
-                      onPressed: controller.loadExternalFiles,
+                    Row(
+                      mainAxisSize: MainAxisSize.min,
+                      children: [
+                        IconButton(
+                          tooltip: '一键清理全部',
+                          icon: Icon(
+                            Icons.delete_sweep,
+                            color: Colors.red[400],
+                          ),
+                          onPressed: () =>
+                              controller.confirmClearAll(Get.context!),
+                        ),
+                        IconButton(
+                          tooltip: '刷新',
+                          icon: Icon(
+                            Icons.refresh,
+                            color: isDarkMode ? Colors.blue[300] : Colors.blue,
+                          ),
+                          onPressed: controller.loadExternalFiles,
+                        ),
+                      ],
                     ),
                   ],
                 ),
@@ -126,7 +141,7 @@ class OpusTestView extends GetView<OpusTestController> {
                       child: Padding(
                         padding: EdgeInsets.all(16.h),
                         child: Text(
-                          '未找到Opus文件',
+                          '未找到音频文件（点刷新扫描翻译落地的 wav / opus）',
                           style: TextStyle(
                             color: isDarkMode ? Colors.white54 : Colors.black54,
                           ),
diff --git a/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AliyunBailianE2EHelper.kt b/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AliyunBailianE2EHelper.kt
index d100a8ad1..69fd4b874 100644
--- a/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AliyunBailianE2EHelper.kt
+++ b/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AliyunBailianE2EHelper.kt
@@ -95,6 +95,7 @@ class AliyunBailianE2EHelper(
 
     // 诊断计数器
     private var pushCount = 0L
+
     private var pushDroppedCount = 0L
     private var recvMsgCount = 0L
 
@@ -403,21 +404,13 @@ class AliyunBailianE2EHelper(
                 "response.audio.delta" -> {
                     val base64Audio = json.optString("delta", "")
                     if (base64Audio.isNotEmpty()) {
-                       // Log.d(TAG, "event_id: ${UUID.randomUUID().toString()}, onPartialAudio: $base64Audio")
                         try {
                             val audioBytes = android.util.Base64.decode(base64Audio, android.util.Base64.DEFAULT)
                             if (audioBytes != null && audioBytes.isNotEmpty()) {
-                                 // 默认输出 24k，需重采样到 16k
                                 val resampled = resample24kTo16k(audioBytes)
+                                try { fullAudioBuffer.write(resampled) } catch (_: Exception) {}
 
-                                try {
-                                    fullAudioBuffer.write(resampled)
-                                } catch (_: Exception) {}
-                                
-                                Log.d(TAG, "onPartialAudio: rawSize=${audioBytes.size} resampledSize=${resampled.size}")
-                                // 使用 processAudioChunk 进行分块回调
                                 processAudioChunk(resampled)
-                              
                             }
                         } catch (e: Exception) {
                             Log.e(TAG, "Base64 decode error", e)
@@ -426,8 +419,19 @@ class AliyunBailianE2EHelper(
                 }
                 
                 "response.done" -> {
-                    // 一次响应结束
-                    Log.d(TAG, "Response done")
+                    // 一次响应（utterance）结束：先 flush audioChunkBuffer 残留，再通知段尾。
+                    // processAudioChunk 按 1280B 对齐，末尾不足一块的字节会滞留在 audioChunkBuffer；
+                    // 不在这里 flush，那部分 PCM 永远丢失。
+                    if (audioChunkBuffer.isNotEmpty()) {
+                        callback?.onPartialAudio(sessionId, audioChunkBuffer)
+                        audioChunkBuffer = ByteArray(0)
+                    }
+                    // 触发 AliyunAstCallback.onSessionFinished → audioWriter.markEnd()
+                    // → JieliAITranslationBridge 把整段 PCM 编 OPUS 下发给耳机。
+                    // 不调此行，PCM 会一直积累到 2MB 兜底限才下发（约 60s 延迟）。
+                    Log.d(TAG, "Response done → flush residual + onSessionFinished sid=$sessionId")
+                    callback?.onSessionFinished(sessionId, fullTextBuffer.toString(), fullAudioBuffer.toByteArray())
+                    fullAudioBuffer.reset()
                 }
                 
                 else -> {
diff --git a/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AstCallbacks.kt b/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AstCallbacks.kt
index 60ff8eb8d..3ce4ef883 100644
--- a/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AstCallbacks.kt
+++ b/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AstCallbacks.kt
@@ -542,35 +542,7 @@ class DoubaoAstCallback(
     private val tag = "DoubaoAstCallback"
     private val doubaoFinalSourceTextCache: MutableMap<String, String> = mutableMapOf()
 
-    // ─── 段尾信号诊断 ─────────────────────────────────────────────
-    // 怀疑豆包端到端没有给出段尾 → bridge 永远等不到 isFinal=true → 音频卡在缓冲。
-    // 这里按 session 维护一份计数，把"豆包到底回调了哪几个方法、各自多少次/多少字节"
-    // 全部打印出来。一段正常 utterance 期望看到：
-    //   1) onSessionStarted             — 1 次
-    //   2) onPartialSourceText/onPartialText — 多次（流式）
-    //   3) onPartialAudio               — 多次（流式 TTS）
-    //   4) onFinalSourceText / onFinalTranslatedText — 各 1 次
-    //   5) onSessionFinished            — 1 次（→ markEnd 触发下游 isFinal=true）
-    // 实测如果第 5 步缺失，就说明豆包没出段尾信号。
-    private data class SessionStat(
-        @Volatile var partialAudioBytes: Long = 0,
-        @Volatile var partialAudioFrames: Long = 0,
-        @Volatile var partialTextCount: Long = 0,
-        @Volatile var partialSourceTextCount: Long = 0,
-        @Volatile var finalSourceTextHit: Boolean = false,
-        @Volatile var finalTranslatedTextHit: Boolean = false,
-        @Volatile var sessionFinishedHit: Boolean = false,
-        @Volatile var sessionErrorHit: Boolean = false,
-        @Volatile var firstAudioLogged: Boolean = false,
-        @Volatile var startedAtMs: Long = System.currentTimeMillis(),
-    )
-    private val sessionStats: MutableMap<String, SessionStat> = java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap()
-    private fun statOf(sessionId: String): SessionStat =
-        sessionStats.getOrPut(sessionId) { SessionStat() }
-
     override fun onSessionStarted(sessionId: String) {
-        sessionStats[sessionId] = SessionStat()
-        FileLogger.i(tag, "[E2E-DIAG] [$serviceId/$direction] onSessionStarted sid=$sessionId")
         eventSender.send(
             mapOf(
                 "type" to "serviceInitialized",
@@ -582,8 +554,6 @@ class DoubaoAstCallback(
     }
 
     override fun onPartialSourceText(sessionId: String, text: String) {
-        val s = statOf(sessionId)
-        s.partialSourceTextCount++
         eventSender.send(
             mapOf(
                 "type" to "recognizing",
@@ -597,12 +567,6 @@ class DoubaoAstCallback(
     }
 
     override fun onFinalSourceText(sessionId: String, finalText: String) {
-        val s = statOf(sessionId)
-        s.finalSourceTextHit = true
-        FileLogger.i(
-            tag,
-            "[E2E-DIAG] [$serviceId/$direction] onFinalSourceText sid=$sessionId text=\"$finalText\""
-        )
         val key = "$serviceId:$sessionId"
         doubaoFinalSourceTextCache[key] = finalText
         eventSender.send(
@@ -618,8 +582,6 @@ class DoubaoAstCallback(
     }
 
     override fun onPartialText(sessionId: String, text: String) {
-        val s = statOf(sessionId)
-        s.partialTextCount++
         eventSender.send(
             mapOf(
                 "type" to "translatedInterim",
@@ -634,23 +596,6 @@ class DoubaoAstCallback(
     }
 
     override fun onPartialAudio(sessionId: String, data: ByteArray) {
-        val s = statOf(sessionId)
-        s.partialAudioBytes += data.size
-        s.partialAudioFrames++
-        if (!s.firstAudioLogged) {
-            s.firstAudioLogged = true
-            FileLogger.i(
-                tag,
-                "[E2E-DIAG] [$serviceId/$direction] onPartialAudio FIRST sid=$sessionId size=${data.size}"
-            )
-        }
-        // 每 50 帧或累计每 ~16KB 再打一次进度，避免淹没 logcat
-        if (s.partialAudioFrames % 50L == 0L) {
-            FileLogger.d(
-                tag,
-                "[E2E-DIAG] [$serviceId/$direction] onPartialAudio progress sid=$sessionId frames=${s.partialAudioFrames} bytes=${s.partialAudioBytes}"
-            )
-        }
         audioWriter?.write(data)
     }
 
@@ -659,17 +604,6 @@ class DoubaoAstCallback(
         finalText: String,
         finalAudio: ByteArray
     ) {
-        val s = statOf(sessionId)
-        s.sessionFinishedHit = true
-        val durMs = System.currentTimeMillis() - s.startedAtMs
-        FileLogger.i(
-            tag,
-            "[E2E-DIAG] [$serviceId/$direction] onSessionFinished sid=$sessionId " +
-                "dur=${durMs}ms partialAudio=${s.partialAudioBytes}B/${s.partialAudioFrames}f " +
-                "partialText=${s.partialTextCount} partialSrc=${s.partialSourceTextCount} " +
-                "finalSrcHit=${s.finalSourceTextHit} finalTransHit=${s.finalTranslatedTextHit} " +
-                "finalText=\"$finalText\" finalAudio=${finalAudio.size}B → markEnd()"
-        )
         eventSender.send(
             mapOf(
                 "type" to "translated",
@@ -687,18 +621,9 @@ class DoubaoAstCallback(
         // }
         // 火山豆包段尾：触发下游 RCSP runtime 立即整段下发。
         audioWriter?.markEnd()
-        sessionStats.remove(sessionId)
     }
 
     override fun onSessionError(sessionId: String, code: Int, message: String) {
-        val s = statOf(sessionId)
-        s.sessionErrorHit = true
-        FileLogger.w(
-            tag,
-            "[E2E-DIAG] [$serviceId/$direction] onSessionError sid=$sessionId code=$code msg=$message " +
-                "partialAudio=${s.partialAudioBytes}B/${s.partialAudioFrames}f " +
-                "finalSrcHit=${s.finalSourceTextHit} finishedHit=${s.sessionFinishedHit} → markEnd()"
-        )
         eventSender.send(
             mapOf(
                 "type" to "error",
@@ -711,20 +636,12 @@ class DoubaoAstCallback(
         )
         // 错误也要把当前 buffer 释放掉，避免残留。
         audioWriter?.markEnd()
-        sessionStats.remove(sessionId)
     }
 
     override fun onFinalTranslatedText(sessionId: String, finalText: String) {
-        val s = statOf(sessionId)
-        s.finalTranslatedTextHit = true
         // 注意：onFinalTranslatedText 是"字幕段"结束（TranslationSubtitleEnd），早于真正
         // 的 TTS 段结束（TTSSentenceEnd）。所以这里**不能**调 markEnd —— 此刻 TTS 音频还
         // 没来；要等 onTtsSegmentEnd。
-        FileLogger.i(
-            tag,
-            "[E2E-DIAG] [$serviceId/$direction] onFinalTranslatedText sid=$sessionId " +
-                "text=\"$finalText\" partialAudio=${s.partialAudioBytes}B/${s.partialAudioFrames}f"
-        )
         val key = "$serviceId:$sessionId"
         val original = doubaoFinalSourceTextCache.remove(key) ?: ""
         eventSender.send(
@@ -746,17 +663,7 @@ class DoubaoAstCallback(
      * 等不到 isFinal=true，PCM 累积到 2MB 兜底限才下发。
      */
     override fun onTtsSegmentEnd(sessionId: String) {
-        val s = statOf(sessionId)
-        FileLogger.i(
-            tag,
-            "[E2E-DIAG] [$serviceId/$direction] onTtsSegmentEnd sid=$sessionId " +
-                "audio=${s.partialAudioBytes}B/${s.partialAudioFrames}f → markEnd()"
-        )
         audioWriter?.markEnd()
-        // 下一段重新累计；保留 session-level 文本统计（仍可能继续触发同 sessionId 的字幕事件）。
-        s.partialAudioBytes = 0
-        s.partialAudioFrames = 0
-        s.firstAudioLogged = false
     }
 }
 
diff --git a/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AzureSpeechPlugin.kt b/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AzureSpeechPlugin.kt
index 1f2453105..72a814811 100644
--- a/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AzureSpeechPlugin.kt
+++ b/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/AzureSpeechPlugin.kt
@@ -76,6 +76,10 @@ class AzureSpeechPlugin : BleService.Callback, FlutterPlugin, ActivityAware,
     private lateinit var astTtsEventChannel: EventChannel
     private var astTtsEventSink: EventChannel.EventSink? = null
 
+    // TTS 帧序号：用于 Dart 侧检测帧丢失 / 乱序
+    private val ttsSeqA = java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong(0)
+    private val ttsSeqB = java.util.concurrent.atomic.AtomicLong(0)
+
     // 通话翻译：对方(B)路 E2E 翻译音频（16kHz PCM16 mono）本地播放器
     private val callBPcmPlayer = CallBPcmPlayer()
     // 设备产品配置 broadcastpeertranslate：true=B 路同时也走外放（耳机一路总会走，外放是叠加）。
@@ -86,12 +90,12 @@ class AzureSpeechPlugin : BleService.Callback, FlutterPlugin, ActivityAware,
 
     private fun emitAstTtsFrame(leg: String, data: ByteArray, isFinal: Boolean = false) {
         val sink = astTtsEventSink ?: return
-        // EventChannel 在主线程 send，确保有效；TTS 段一段一段过来，量级在 KB，主线程开销可忽略
+        val seq = if (leg == "A") ttsSeqA.getAndIncrement() else ttsSeqB.getAndIncrement()
         mainHandler.post {
             try {
-                sink.success(mapOf("leg" to leg, "pcm" to data, "final" to isFinal))
+                sink.success(mapOf("leg" to leg, "pcm" to data, "final" to isFinal, "seq" to seq))
             } catch (e: Exception) {
-                FileLogger.e(tag, "发送 AST TTS 事件失败 leg=$leg: ${e.message}")
+                FileLogger.e(tag, "EventChannel send FAILED leg=$leg seq=$seq: ${e.message}")
             }
         }
     }
@@ -1403,6 +1407,12 @@ class AzureSpeechPlugin : BleService.Callback, FlutterPlugin, ActivityAware,
                     val alibabaAppKey = call.argument<String>("alibabaAppKey") ?: ""
                     val alibabaAppId = call.argument<String>("alibabaAppId") ?: ""
                     val alibabaAppURL = call.argument<String>("alibabaAppURL") ?: ""
+
+                    // 火山 AST VAD 断句控制；0 = 使用服务端默认值
+                    val volcanoEndSilenceTimeMs = call.argument<Int>("volcanoEndSilenceTimeMs") ?: 0
+                    val volcanoVadSilenceTimeMs = call.argument<Int>("volcanoVadSilenceTimeMs") ?: 0
+                    val volcanoVadSegmentDurationMs = call.argument<Int>("volcanoVadSegmentDurationMs") ?: 0
+
                     if (currentAstProvider == "iflytek" ) {
                         Log.d(tag, "initializeIntegrated: iflytek")
                         val azureConfig = IflytekIntegratedSpeechService.AzureConfiguration(
@@ -1542,7 +1552,10 @@ class AzureSpeechPlugin : BleService.Callback, FlutterPlugin, ActivityAware,
                             appKey = appKey,
                             accessKey = accessKey,
                             resourceId = resourceId,
-                            clientWaitMs = 60_000L
+                            clientWaitMs = 60_000L,
+                            endSilenceTimeMs = volcanoEndSilenceTimeMs,
+                            vadSilenceTimeMs = volcanoVadSilenceTimeMs,
+                            vadSegmentDurationMs = volcanoVadSegmentDurationMs,
                         )
                         Log.d(tag, "initializeIntegrated: volcano $astWsConfig")
 
diff --git a/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/DoubaoE2ETranslateHelper.kt b/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/DoubaoE2ETranslateHelper.kt
index d2beac3a0..e583bec92 100644
--- a/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/DoubaoE2ETranslateHelper.kt
+++ b/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/kotlin/com/yunqiinnovation/azure_speech/DoubaoE2ETranslateHelper.kt
@@ -262,6 +262,11 @@ class DoubaoE2ETranslateHelper(
                         || msg.contains("stream is done", ignoreCase = true)
                         || msg.contains("session timeout", ignoreCase = true)
                         || msg.contains("current state=Finished", ignoreCase = true)
+                        // 服务端优雅关闭 HTTP/2 流（空闲超时 / 负载均衡回收连接）：
+                        //   "rpc error: code = 13 ... stream terminated by RST_STREAM with error code: NO_ERROR"
+                        // 这是瞬态、可恢复的，不应把整个通话翻译退掉，重连即可。
+                        || msg.contains("RST_STREAM", ignoreCase = true)
+                        || msg.contains("stream terminated", ignoreCase = true)
                     if (isRetryable) {
                         Log.i(TAG, "onMessage: retryable server error, triggering auto-restart: '$msg'")
                         restartSession()
@@ -286,6 +291,18 @@ class DoubaoE2ETranslateHelper(
                 // 每段 utterance 的真正音频段尾是 TTSSentenceEnd。下游（接耳机）需要这个信号
                 // 触发 markEnd 把 bridge buffer 整段下发。
                 if (event == Type.TTSSentenceEnd) {
+                    // Doubao 服务端有时会在 TTSSentenceEnd 消息里同时携带最后一帧 PCM data；
+                    // 必须先把 data 喂进 processAudioChunk，再 flush audioChunkBuffer，
+                    // 否则最后一帧被丢弃，用户听到的译文会被截断（"另一半没了"的根因）。
+                    if (data.isNotEmpty()) {
+                        recvAudio.write(data)
+                        Log.d(TAG, "onMessage: TTSSentenceEnd cocarried audio size=${data.size}")
+                        processAudioChunk(data)
+                    }
+                    if (audioChunkBuffer.isNotEmpty()) {
+                        callback?.onPartialAudio(sessionId, audioChunkBuffer)
+                        audioChunkBuffer = ByteArray(0)
+                    }
                     Log.d(TAG, "onMessage: TTSSentenceEnd → onTtsSegmentEnd sid=$sessionId")
                     callback?.onTtsSegmentEnd(sessionId)
                     return
@@ -424,9 +441,6 @@ class DoubaoE2ETranslateHelper(
      */
     fun pushAudioData(data: ByteArray): Boolean {
         pushCount++
-        if (pushCount % 100 == 1L) {
-            Log.d(TAG, "pushAudioData: size=${data.size} isStarted=${isStarted.get()} wsIsNull=${webSocket==null} count=$pushCount pending=${pendingAudioData.size}")
-        }
         if (data.isEmpty()) return true
         // 切换/重连窗口：ws 还没就绪 → 暂存到 pendingAudioData，等 onMessage 里第一条服务端消息到达再 flush
         if (!isStarted.get() || webSocket == null) {
@@ -614,6 +628,11 @@ class DoubaoE2ETranslateHelper(
             .setMode("s2s")
             .setSourceLanguage(conf.sourceLanguage)
             .setTargetLanguage(conf.targetLanguage)
+            .also {
+                if (conf.endSilenceTimeMs > 0) it.setEndSilenceTime(conf.endSilenceTimeMs)
+                if (conf.vadSilenceTimeMs > 0) it.setVadSilenceTime(conf.vadSilenceTimeMs)
+                if (conf.vadSegmentDurationMs > 0) it.setVadSegmentDuration(conf.vadSegmentDurationMs)
+            }
             .build()
 
         val meta = RequestMeta.newBuilder()
@@ -695,5 +714,10 @@ data class Config(
     val resourceId: String = "volc.service_type.10053",
     val sourceLanguage: String = "zh",
     val targetLanguage: String = "en",
-    val clientWaitMs: Long = 60_000 // 等待会话结束的最大时间，可按需调整
+    val clientWaitMs: Long = 60_000, // 等待会话结束的最大时间，可按需调整
+    // VAD 断句控制：0 表示使用服务端默认值
+    // 默认约 400ms 断句太激进，建议设为 800-1200ms 以获得更完整的句子
+    val endSilenceTimeMs: Int = 0,
+    val vadSilenceTimeMs: Int = 0,
+    val vadSegmentDurationMs: Int = 0,
 )
diff --git a/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/protos/products/understanding/ast/ast_service.proto b/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/protos/products/understanding/ast/ast_service.proto
index 2117d6d27..cc831812c 100644
--- a/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/protos/products/understanding/ast/ast_service.proto
+++ b/local_plugins/azure_speech/android/src/main/protos/products/understanding/ast/ast_service.proto
@@ -15,6 +15,14 @@ message ReqParams {
   string target_language = 3; // 目标语言
   string speaker_id = 4;
 
+  // VAD 断句控制（与 au_base.proto data.speech.understanding.ReqParams 共用字段号）
+  // end_silence_time: 句尾静音时长(ms)，超过后强制断句，默认约 400ms，建议 800-1200ms
+  int32 end_silence_time = 62;
+  // vad_silence_time: VAD 判定静音的窗口长度(ms)
+  int32 vad_silence_time = 63;
+  // vad_segment_duration: 单段最大时长(ms)，超过后强制切断，防止一句话太长
+  int32 vad_segment_duration = 66;
+
   data.speech.understanding.Corpus corpus = 100;
 }
 
diff --git a/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/mode/CallTranslationModeHandler.kt b/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/mode/CallTranslationModeHandler.kt
index 087663f3c..54a92432c 100644
--- a/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/mode/CallTranslationModeHandler.kt
+++ b/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/mode/CallTranslationModeHandler.kt
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ class CallTranslationModeHandler(
             device = device,
             mode = sdkMode,
             tempDir = File(context.cacheDir, "jieli_translation_tts"),
+            // 调试落地：整句 TTS 存到外部目录，方便 adb pull 听辨"丢句"在 app 还是 SDK。
+            dumpDir = context.getExternalFilesDir(null)?.let { File(it, "tts_dump") },
             onPcm = { source, pcm ->
                 val streamId = when (source) {
                     AudioData.SOURCE_E_SCO_UP_LINK -> TranslationStreams.IN_UPLINK
diff --git a/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/mode/StereoCallTranslationModeHandler.kt b/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/mode/StereoCallTranslationModeHandler.kt
index 2bafa2e3b..3fb6f16bb 100644
--- a/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/mode/StereoCallTranslationModeHandler.kt
+++ b/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/mode/StereoCallTranslationModeHandler.kt
@@ -60,6 +60,8 @@ class StereoCallTranslationModeHandler(
             device = device,
             mode = sdkMode,
             tempDir = File(context.cacheDir, "jieli_translation_tts"),
+            // 调试落地：整句 TTS 存到外部目录，方便 adb pull / opus_test 听辨"丢句"在 app 还是 SDK。
+            dumpDir = context.getExternalFilesDir(null)?.let { File(it, "tts_dump") },
             onPcm = { source, stereoPcm ->
                 if (source != AudioData.SOURCE_E_SCO_MIX) return@RcspTranslationRuntime
                 val (left, right) = PcmKit.splitStereo16(stereoPcm)
diff --git a/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/runtime/JieliAITranslationBridge.kt b/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/runtime/JieliAITranslationBridge.kt
index cfb04d34f..6d34ea6bf 100644
--- a/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/runtime/JieliAITranslationBridge.kt
+++ b/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/runtime/JieliAITranslationBridge.kt
@@ -60,12 +60,48 @@ class JieliAITranslationBridge(
     /** 解码 / 编码失败的统一出口。 */
     private val onError: (code: Int, msg: String?) -> Unit,
     private val opusPacketSize: Int = if (mode.channel == 2) 80 else 200,
+    /**
+     * 调试用：整句 TTS 落地目录。给定后每段交给 SDK 的整句音频会落成 .wav + .opus，
+     * 用于人工听辨"丢句"发生在 app（我们累积/编码就缺）还是 SDK（我们给全了但耳机没播）。
+     * null = 不落地。建议传外部目录（context.getExternalFilesDir）方便 adb pull。
+     */
+    private val dumpDir: File? = null,
 ) : IAITranslationApi {
 
     companion object {
         private const val TAG = "JieliAITranslationBridge"
         /** 单段 utterance PCM 上限：≈ 60s 16k mono 16bit = 1.92MB。超限强制 flush 兜底。 */
         private const val PCM_BUFFER_HARD_LIMIT_BYTES = 2 * 1024 * 1024
+
+        /**
+         * 每段末尾补的静音时长(ms)。修"每句尾音不完整"：
+         *  - 防 OPUS 编码丢掉最后不足一帧的真实尾音（丢的改成丢这段静音）；
+         *  - 防设备切到下一段时把当前段尾巴咬掉（咬掉的也是静音）。
+         * 100ms 在通话里听不出来，但能保住尾音。觉得还缺就加大。0 = 关闭。
+         */
+        private const val TTS_TAIL_PAD_MS = 100
+
+        // ─── 下行 TTS 段合并（coalesce）─────────────────────────────────────
+        // 背景：Doubao E2E 的 TTS 按"译文小句"切，每句一个 TTSSentenceEnd→isFinal，
+        // 段都很碎（1~2.5s）。碎段各自独立 OPUS 发给 SDK → 设备端解码器频繁 reset、
+        // 段间留空隙 → 对端听着不连贯。合并：把连续到达的几段 PCM 拼成一整段再发。
+        /** 合并开关。true = 把"间隔 < COALESCE_IDLE_MS 的连续碎段"在 per-leg buffer 里
+         *  无缝拼接（PCM 层拼接，无 OPUS 边界）成一整段再下发；A 合 A、B 合 B，绝不跨腿。
+         *  false = 老行为（每个 isFinal 立刻下发）。
+         *  目的：Doubao 把一句译文切成多个 1~2.5s 碎段，各自独立 OPUS 会让设备解码器频繁 reset、
+         *  段间留空隙 → 对端听着细碎不连贯。合并后段间无 OPUS 边界、更连贯，并顺带降低推流次数。
+         *  注意：启用后才激活下面 scheduleIdleFlush 的空闲兜底（关时那段是永不执行的死代码）。
+         *  有了兜底，isFinal（TTSSentenceEnd 段尾）延迟/丢失时最多卡 COALESCE_IDLE_MS 就下发，
+         *  不会再一直卡到对端说下一句才补播。 */
+        private const val COALESCE_ENABLED = true
+        /** 累计音频达到该时长(ms)就立刻下发：连续说话（段间隔一直 <IDLE）时的最大起播延迟上限，
+         *  防止一直接话把 buffer 越滚越大、延迟失控。= "连贯优先"档。 */
+        private const val COALESCE_TARGET_MS = 3000
+        /** 距上一段语音空闲超过该时长(ms)即认为"这一组说完了"，把已累积音频整段下发。
+         *  = "合并窗口"：下一段在该时长内到达就拼进当前组，超过就把当前组单独发。
+         *  也是一组说完后的最大尾延迟。2000ms = 把间隔 2 秒内到达的碎段合并成一个。 */
+        private const val COALESCE_IDLE_MS = 2000L
+
     }
 
     private val isPcmMode = mode.audioType == Constants.AUDIO_TYPE_PCM
@@ -103,7 +139,27 @@ class JieliAITranslationBridge(
     private val bufferLock = Any()
     private val encodeSeq = AtomicLong(0)
 
-    /** 调试统计 */
+    /** 段合并的去抖定时器（per-leg）：空闲超时后把累积的 PCM 整段下发。 */
+    private val coalesceExecutor =
+        java.util.concurrent.Executors.newSingleThreadScheduledExecutor { r ->
+            Thread(r, "tts-coalesce").apply { isDaemon = true }
+        }
+    private val idleFutures =
+        java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap<String, java.util.concurrent.ScheduledFuture<*>>()
+
+    /** 调试落地：整句 TTS 音频目录（懒创建）。null = 关闭。 */
+    private val resolvedDumpDir: File? = dumpDir?.also { runCatching { if (!it.exists()) it.mkdirs() } }
+
+    /**
+     * 整通会话级 per-leg PCM 落地（disk-backed，避免长通话 OOM）。
+     * key = 方向标签（翻译-左 / 翻译-右）。每段 flush 出来的 PCM 追加到对应文件，
+     * stopTranslating 时统一导出 翻译-左/右 的 .wav + .opus 各一份。
+     */
+    private val sessionPcmStreams = mutableMapOf<String, java.io.FileOutputStream>()
+    private val sessionPcmFiles = mutableMapOf<String, File>()
+    private val sessionDumpLock = Any()
+
+    /** 首帧确认日志用：标记总首帧 / 各 source 首帧是否已打过日志。 */
     @Volatile private var rxFirstLogged = false
     private val rxFirstPerSource = java.util.concurrent.ConcurrentHashMap<Int, Boolean>()
 
@@ -113,6 +169,13 @@ class JieliAITranslationBridge(
 
     override fun startTranslating(mode: TranslationMode, callback: AITranslationCallback) {
         Log.i(TAG, "[SDK->APP] startTranslating mode=${mode.mode} type=${mode.audioType} sr=${mode.sampleRate} ch=${mode.channel}")
+        resolvedDumpDir?.let { dir ->
+            Log.i(TAG, "[TTS-DUMP] enabled dir=${dir.absolutePath}")
+            // 清理上次异常退出（未走 stopTranslating）残留的会话级临时 PCM
+            runCatching {
+                dir.listFiles { f -> f.name.endsWith(".session.pcm") }?.forEach { it.delete() }
+            }
+        }
         sdkCallback = callback
         if (!tempDir.exists()) tempDir.mkdirs()
         upDecoder?.start()
@@ -125,6 +188,9 @@ class JieliAITranslationBridge(
     override fun stopTranslating() {
         Log.i(TAG, "[SDK->APP] stopTranslating")
         working = false
+        // 取消所有未触发的合并定时器（utterance 已被打断，剩余直接丢）。
+        idleFutures.values.forEach { it.cancel(false) }
+        idleFutures.clear()
         runCatching { upDecoder?.stop() }
         runCatching { downDecoder?.stop() }
         runCatching { stereoDecoder?.stop() }
@@ -133,6 +199,8 @@ class JieliAITranslationBridge(
             pcmBuffers.values.forEach { it.reset() }
             pcmBuffers.clear()
         }
+        // 会话结束：把整通累积的 per-leg PCM 导出成 翻译-左/右 的 wav + opus 各一份。
+        finalizeSessionDumps()
         sdkCallback?.onStop(0, "stopTranslating")
         sdkCallback = null
     }
@@ -190,30 +258,73 @@ class JieliAITranslationBridge(
             postTranslationResult(cb, source, Constants.AUDIO_TYPE_PCM, pcm)
             return true
         }
-        // OPUS 模式：累积 + isFinal/超限触发整段编码
-        val pendingFlush: ByteArray? = synchronized(bufferLock) {
+
+        // 合并目标字节（按当前采样率换算）：累计达到就立刻下发。
+        val targetBytes = COALESCE_TARGET_MS * (sampleRateHz / 1000 * 2).coerceAtLeast(1)
+        var pendingFlush: ByteArray? = null
+        var armIdle = false
+        synchronized(bufferLock) {
             val buf = pcmBuffers.getOrPut(outputStreamId) { ByteArrayOutputStream() }
             if (pcm.isNotEmpty()) {
-                if (buf.size() + pcm.size > PCM_BUFFER_HARD_LIMIT_BYTES) {
-                    Log.w(TAG, "feedTtsPcm leg=$outputStreamId buffer hit hard limit ${PCM_BUFFER_HARD_LIMIT_BYTES}, force flush")
-                    val out = buf.toByteArray() + pcm
-                    buf.reset()
-                    return@synchronized out
-                }
                 buf.write(pcm)
             }
-            if (isFinal) {
-                val out = buf.toByteArray()
-                buf.reset()
-                if (out.isEmpty()) null else out
-            } else null
+
+            when {
+                // 硬上限兜底：无论如何先放出去，防止内存爆。
+                buf.size() > PCM_BUFFER_HARD_LIMIT_BYTES -> {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "feedTtsPcm leg=$outputStreamId hit hard limit, force flush")
+                    pendingFlush = buf.toByteArray(); buf.reset()
+                }
+                // 不合并：老行为，isFinal 立即下发。
+                !COALESCE_ENABLED && isFinal -> {
+                    val out = buf.toByteArray(); buf.reset()
+                    if (out.isNotEmpty()) pendingFlush = out
+                }
+                // 合并：累计够长了立刻发，否则等空闲去抖（期待后续段拼进来）。
+                COALESCE_ENABLED && isFinal -> {
+                    if (buf.size() >= targetBytes) {
+                        val out = buf.toByteArray(); buf.reset()
+                        if (out.isNotEmpty()) pendingFlush = out
+                    } else if (buf.size() > 0) {
+                        armIdle = true
+                    }
+                }
+            }
         }
+        // 正在收音频 = 没空闲，取消挂着的空闲定时器，避免一段 burst 中途被 flush 切断。
+        if (pcm.isNotEmpty()) cancelIdleFlush(outputStreamId)
+
         if (pendingFlush != null) {
-            encodeAndDeliverAsync(cb, source, outputStreamId, pendingFlush)
+            cancelIdleFlush(outputStreamId)
+            encodeAndDeliverAsync(cb, source, outputStreamId, pendingFlush!!)
+        } else if (armIdle) {
+            scheduleIdleFlush(cb, source, outputStreamId)
         }
         return true
     }
 
+    /** 重置/启动 per-leg 空闲定时器：空闲 [COALESCE_IDLE_MS] 后把累积 PCM 整段下发。 */
+    private fun scheduleIdleFlush(cb: AITranslationCallback, source: Int, leg: String) {
+        idleFutures.remove(leg)?.cancel(false)
+        val task = Runnable {
+            val out: ByteArray? = synchronized(bufferLock) {
+                val buf = pcmBuffers[leg]
+                if (buf != null && buf.size() > 0) buf.toByteArray().also { buf.reset() } else null
+            }
+            if (out != null && working) {
+                encodeAndDeliverAsync(cb, source, leg, out)
+            }
+        }
+        val future = runCatching {
+            coalesceExecutor.schedule(task, COALESCE_IDLE_MS, java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit.MILLISECONDS)
+        }.getOrNull()
+        if (future != null) idleFutures[leg] = future
+    }
+
+    private fun cancelIdleFlush(leg: String) {
+        idleFutures.remove(leg)?.cancel(false)
+    }
+
     private fun postTranslationResult(
         cb: AITranslationCallback,
         source: Int,
@@ -237,8 +348,14 @@ class JieliAITranslationBridge(
         val seq = encodeSeq.incrementAndGet()
         val pcmFile = File(tempDir, "tts_${source}_$seq.pcm")
         val opusFile = File(tempDir, "tts_${source}_$seq.opus")
+        // 调试落地：把本段 PCM 追加进"整通会话级"per-leg 累积（翻译-左/右 各一份），
+        // 会话结束（stopTranslating）时统一导出 wav + opus，不再每段一个文件。
+        appendSessionPcm(leg, pcmBytes)
+        // 末尾补静音再编码：保住尾音（防编码丢尾帧 / 防设备切段咬尾）。
+        val padBytes = TTS_TAIL_PAD_MS * (sampleRateHz / 1000 * 2).coerceAtLeast(1)
+        val toEncode = if (padBytes > 0) pcmBytes + ByteArray(padBytes) else pcmBytes
         try {
-            pcmFile.writeBytes(pcmBytes)
+            pcmFile.writeBytes(toEncode)
         } catch (e: Throwable) {
             Log.w(TAG, "encodeAndDeliver leg=$leg seq=$seq write pcm failed: ${e.message}")
             return
@@ -249,19 +366,16 @@ class JieliAITranslationBridge(
         encoder.encodeFile(pcmFile.absolutePath, opusFile.absolutePath, object : OnStateCallback {
             override fun onStart() {}
             override fun onComplete(path: String?) {
-                try {
-                    val opusBytes = if (opusFile.exists()) opusFile.readBytes() else null
-                    if (opusBytes == null || opusBytes.isEmpty()) {
-                        Log.w(TAG, "encodeAndDeliver leg=$leg seq=$seq: empty opus output")
-                    } else {
-                        Log.d(TAG, "encodeAndDeliver leg=$leg seq=$seq pcm=${pcmBytes.size}B opus=${opusBytes.size}B → onTranslateResult")
-                        postTranslationResult(cb, source, Constants.AUDIO_TYPE_OPUS, opusBytes)
-                    }
-                } finally {
-                    runCatching { encoder.release() }
-                    runCatching { pcmFile.delete() }
-                    runCatching { opusFile.delete() }
+                val opusBytes = runCatching { if (opusFile.exists()) opusFile.readBytes() else null }.getOrNull()
+                runCatching { encoder.release() }
+                runCatching { pcmFile.delete() }
+                runCatching { opusFile.delete() }
+
+                if (opusBytes == null || opusBytes.isEmpty()) {
+                    Log.w(TAG, "encodeAndDeliver leg=$leg seq=$seq: empty opus output")
+                    return
                 }
+                postTranslationResult(cb, source, Constants.AUDIO_TYPE_OPUS, opusBytes)
             }
             override fun onError(code: Int, message: String?) {
                 Log.w(TAG, "encodeAndDeliver leg=$leg seq=$seq encodeFile error code=$code msg=$message")
@@ -278,4 +392,113 @@ class JieliAITranslationBridge(
         TranslationStreams.OUT_DOWNLINK -> AudioData.SOURCE_E_SCO_DOWN_LINK
         else -> AudioData.SOURCE_PHONE_MIC
     }
+
+    // ─── 调试落地 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+
+    /** leg → 中文方向标签，用于文件名：上行=翻译-左，下行=翻译-右，其它=翻译-mic。 */
+    private fun legLabel(leg: String): String = when (leg) {
+        TranslationStreams.OUT_UPLINK -> "翻译-左"
+        TranslationStreams.OUT_DOWNLINK -> "翻译-右"
+        else -> "翻译-mic"
+    }
+
+    /** 把本段 PCM 追加进对应方向的会话级临时 PCM 文件（disk-backed）。 */
+    private fun appendSessionPcm(leg: String, pcm: ByteArray) {
+        val dir = resolvedDumpDir ?: return
+        if (pcm.isEmpty()) return
+        val label = legLabel(leg)
+        synchronized(sessionDumpLock) {
+            val os = sessionPcmStreams[label] ?: runCatching {
+                val f = File(dir, "$label.session.pcm")
+                runCatching { f.delete() }
+                java.io.FileOutputStream(f, false).also {
+                    sessionPcmStreams[label] = it
+                    sessionPcmFiles[label] = f
+                }
+            }.getOrNull() ?: return
+            runCatching { os.write(pcm) }
+                .onFailure { Log.w(TAG, "[TTS-DUMP] append $label failed: ${it.message}") }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /**
+     * 会话结束：关闭各方向 PCM 流，把整通累积的 PCM 导出成
+     * 翻译-左/右 的 .wav（编码前原始）+ .opus（编码后）各一份。
+     */
+    private fun finalizeSessionDumps() {
+        val dir = resolvedDumpDir ?: return
+        val files: Map<String, File>
+        synchronized(sessionDumpLock) {
+            sessionPcmStreams.values.forEach { runCatching { it.flush(); it.close() } }
+            sessionPcmStreams.clear()
+            files = sessionPcmFiles.toMap()
+            sessionPcmFiles.clear()
+        }
+        files.forEach { (label, pcmFile) ->
+            if (!pcmFile.exists() || pcmFile.length() == 0L) {
+                runCatching { pcmFile.delete() }
+                return@forEach
+            }
+            // 1) WAV（同步）：标准 44 字节头 + 整通 PCM
+            runCatching {
+                val wav = File(dir, "$label.wav")
+                writeWavFromPcmFile(wav, pcmFile)
+                val ms = pcmFile.length() / (sampleRateHz / 1000 * 2).coerceAtLeast(1)
+                Log.i(TAG, "[TTS-DUMP] session wav $label pcm=${pcmFile.length()}B dur=${ms}ms → ${wav.absolutePath}")
+            }.onFailure { Log.w(TAG, "[TTS-DUMP] session wav $label failed: ${it.message}") }
+            // 2) OPUS（异步编码）：整通 PCM 编一份；完成后删临时 PCM
+            val opusOut = File(dir, "$label.opus")
+            val enc = OpusManager()
+            runCatching {
+                enc.encodeFile(pcmFile.absolutePath, opusOut.absolutePath, object : OnStateCallback {
+                    override fun onStart() {}
+                    override fun onComplete(path: String?) {
+                        runCatching { enc.release() }
+                        runCatching { pcmFile.delete() }
+                        Log.i(TAG, "[TTS-DUMP] session opus $label → ${opusOut.absolutePath}")
+                    }
+                    override fun onError(code: Int, message: String?) {
+                        runCatching { enc.release() }
+                        runCatching { pcmFile.delete() }
+                        Log.w(TAG, "[TTS-DUMP] session opus $label encode error code=$code msg=$message")
+                    }
+                })
+            }.onFailure {
+                runCatching { enc.release() }
+                runCatching { pcmFile.delete() }
+                Log.w(TAG, "[TTS-DUMP] session opus $label start failed: ${it.message}")
+            }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** 流式写 WAV：先写 44 字节头（按 pcm 文件大小），再把 PCM 文件内容拷进去（不占内存）。 */
+    private fun writeWavFromPcmFile(wavFile: File, pcmFile: File) {
+        val pcmLen = pcmFile.length().toInt()
+        wavFile.outputStream().use { os ->
+            os.write(wavHeader(pcmLen, sampleRateHz, 1))
+            pcmFile.inputStream().use { it.copyTo(os) }
+        }
+    }
+
+    /** 标准 44 字节 PCM WAV 头（16bit）。 */
+    private fun wavHeader(pcmSize: Int, sampleRate: Int, channels: Int): ByteArray {
+        val bitsPerSample = 16
+        val byteRate = sampleRate * channels * bitsPerSample / 8
+        val blockAlign = channels * bitsPerSample / 8
+        val header = java.nio.ByteBuffer.allocate(44).order(java.nio.ByteOrder.LITTLE_ENDIAN)
+        header.put("RIFF".toByteArray(Charsets.US_ASCII))
+        header.putInt(36 + pcmSize)
+        header.put("WAVE".toByteArray(Charsets.US_ASCII))
+        header.put("fmt ".toByteArray(Charsets.US_ASCII))
+        header.putInt(16)                       // fmt chunk size (PCM)
+        header.putShort(1.toShort())            // audio format = PCM
+        header.putShort(channels.toShort())
+        header.putInt(sampleRate)
+        header.putInt(byteRate)
+        header.putShort(blockAlign.toShort())
+        header.putShort(bitsPerSample.toShort())
+        header.put("data".toByteArray(Charsets.US_ASCII))
+        header.putInt(pcmSize)
+        return header.array()
+    }
 }
diff --git a/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/runtime/RcspTranslationRuntime.kt b/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/runtime/RcspTranslationRuntime.kt
index aedd7bdc5..4261abb83 100644
--- a/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/runtime/RcspTranslationRuntime.kt
+++ b/local_plugins/device_jieli/android/src/main/kotlin/com/jielihome/jielihome/feature/translation/runtime/RcspTranslationRuntime.kt
@@ -45,6 +45,8 @@ class RcspTranslationRuntime(
     private val onError: (code: Int, msg: String?) -> Unit,
     /** OPUS 解码 packetSize；mono call=200，stereo=80 */
     private val opusPacketSize: Int = if (mode.channel == 2) 80 else 200,
+    /** 调试用：整句 TTS 落地目录，透传给 [JieliAITranslationBridge]。null = 不落地。 */
+    private val dumpDir: File? = null,
 ) {
 
     companion object {
@@ -58,6 +60,7 @@ class RcspTranslationRuntime(
         onPcm = onPcm,
         onError = onError,
         opusPacketSize = opusPacketSize,
+        dumpDir = dumpDir,
     )
 
     private val translationImpl = TranslationImpl(btManager, bridge, device)